[3] and [4] encode the major/minor quality distinction — the single most foundational contrast in Western harmony. Every chord, every key, every mood decision hinges on this one semitone difference. Learn to hear it reliably and all other intervals follow naturally.
Both are modal (4 Hz) — feel the same gentle wave in each. The waviness is identical. The difference is color only: dark minor [3] vs. light major [4]. Same rhythm, opposite quality.